Magnetics System 1 – code: 4867.19

Magnetics System 1

Code: 4861.29

A basic introductory system to study the magnetism produced by various permanent magnets

The Magnetics System 1 permits the demonstration of the characteristics of various shaped magnets.

In this system we study basic magnetic flux lines (of various shaped permanent magnets in 2D and 3D), deflection of a magnetic needle, compasses, magnetic dipoles, magnetic hysteresis, eddy currents, Earth’s magnet, etc.

Specifications
Size: 50x45x15 cm
Weight: 5 kg
Packing: external suitcase in aluminium, internal foam to prevent accidental breakage

Equipment Suggested
RED Magnetic Field Sensor (code 4840.25)
Tripod Stand (code 4830.46)
Overhead Projector

MAIN COMPONENTS

  • Floating magnets with base support
  • Neodymium magnet
  • Aluminium foil for eddy currents
  • Magnetic field chamber 2D
  • Magnetic field chamber 3D
  • Pocket compass
  • Plotting compass
  • U-shaped magnet
  • Horseshoe magnet
  • Pair of cylindrical magnets
  • Earth’s magnetic model
  • Pair of plastic cased bar magnets
  • Bar magnets
  • Ring magnets
  • Cylindrical iron bar
  • Cylindrical steel bar
  • Hook
  • Ferromagnetic chain
  • Iron filings
  • Stainless steel sphere

EXPERIMENTS DETAILED IN THE MANUAL

  • Magnetic field lines in 2D and 3D
  • Deflection of a magnetic needle
  • Compasses
  • Magnetic dipole interactions
  • Magnetic hysteresis of a steel bar
  • Eddy currents in an aluminium tube
  • The Earth’s magnetic field

LAWS AND PRINCIPLES INVESTIGATED

  • Ampère’s Equivalence Theorem
  • Attractive-Repulsive magnetic forces
  • Biot-Savart Law
  • Earth’s magnetic field
  • Eddy currents
  • Faraday’s Law
  • Image charge method
  • Lenz’s Law
  • Magnetic dipole and its interactions
  • Magnetic dipole vs. magnetic monopole
  • Magnetic field
  • Magnetic force
  • Magnetic hysteresis
  • Magnetic moment determination
  • Magnetic and Electrostatic Mapping
  • Ohm’s Law
  • Magnetisation and demagnetisation of steel and iron
EXAMPLE OF USE: Floating magnets

Experimental verification of the theorem.

Andre Marie Ampère hypothesised (the so called “elementary current hypothesis”), that a small permanent magnet (magnetic dipole) behaves as a coil in which is flowing a direct electric current (Ampère’s Equivalence Theorem).

A force experienced an intermediate magnetic dipole is defined as the inverse of the fourth power of the distance between the lower and upper dipole. We can then use a near approximation of this force and ignore the interactions between the dipoles.
A very interesting result since the ratio is evidently independent of the mass and dipole moment of the magnets (as long as all three are the same and by using the next nearest approximation).

Biot and Savart diagram for the calculation of the magnetic field produced by a magnetic dipole